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Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur
Muhammad Al-Tahir Ibn Ashur (1879–1973) was the most renowned Zaytuna Imam and one of the great Islamic scholars of the 20th century. He studied with reform-minded 'ulamā' and mastered classical Islamic scholarship. He became a judge then Shaikh al-Islām in 1932, and was a prolific writer and author in the area of reforming Islamic education and jurisprudence.
==Early life==
Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur was born in Tunis 1879 to an affluent family of high social standing and died in 1973 at the age of 94. Originally of Andalusian origin dedication to the pursuit of knowledge seems to have been a continuous and established tradition throughout the successive generations of the family's ancestors. He came from a family of scholars, with his grandfather being especially renowned. When he entered Zaytuna, special care was made to provide him the best teachers. He was a teacher at Zaytuna all his life. His masterpiece is the Maqasid al-Shari'ah al-Islamiyyah, the Intents, or Higher Goals of Islamic Law, published in 1946. He is famous for standing up for the right cause: when the President of Tunisia wanted a fatwa to justify abandoning the fast of the month of Ramadhan because it decreased productivity, he made his response by reciting “Prescribed for you is fasting,” and saying “Sadaqa Allah Al-Azeem (God Almighty speaks the truth), and Bourghiba lies.”
Influenced by a visit to Tunisia by Muhammad Abduh, Ibn Ashur combined a thorough knowledge of the classics with a desire to revive Islamic civilisation. In his writings, it is clear that he saw himself as a bridge between the classical Islamic legal heritage and the needs of a modern world. His references to the great works of law are respectful, but he does not hesitate to point out shortcomings, and responding to modern challenges to Islamic traditions, Ibn Ashur called for substantive reforms in Islamic education. His work on the ultimate purposes of the Shari‘a represents not only an attempt to revive the maqasid theory of Shatibi, but also a significant addition to modern efforts to renew Islamic legal theory.
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